The supreme court, of the corporate United states Armed Forces, decides Aptheker v. secretary of state: the department of state may not revoke or deny a passport on grounds of political ideology. In a concurring opinion, William O. Douglas writes:
The right to travel is a part of the “liberty” of which the citizen cannot be deprived without the due process of law under the Fifth Amendment. … Freedom of movement across frontiers in either direction, and inside frontiers as well, was a part of our heritage. Travel abroad, like travel within the country, may be necessary for a livelihood. It may be as close to the heart of the individual as the choice of what he eats, or wears, or reads. Freedom of movement is basic in our scheme of values.
NOTE: Although Douglas uses the word “country” here, the editors believe that he meant to use the word “nation,” in which a central government, with almost limitless power, treats its constituent states as mere enclaves, provinces, or sub-divisions of its greater self; as opposed to “Union,” which is a union of sovereign States under a federal system, with a central government whose powers are strictly limited by a respected Constitution.
[added 10/9/2022] Thanks to the John Birch Society and John Whitehead for this entry.
Subsequent Events:
Authority:
Article IX of Amendment
ccc-2point0.com/constitution-for-the-united-states
References:
Aptheker v. Secretary of State – Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptheker_v._Secretary_of_State