The second circuit court of appeals decides United states ex rel. McCann v. Adams:

       [T]he institution of trial by jury especially in criminal cases has its hold upon public favor chiefly for two reasons.  The individual can forfeit his liberty to say nothing of his life only at the hands of those who, unlike any official, are in no wise accountable, directly or indirectly, for what they do, and who at once separate and melt anonymously in the community from which they came.  Moreover, since if they acquit their verdict is final, no one is likely to suffer of whose conduct they do not morally disapprove; and this introduces a slack into the enforcement of law, tempering its rigor by the mollifying influence of current ethical conventions.  A trial by any jury … preserves both these fundamental elements and a trial by a judge preserves neither.

       [added 7/31/2022] Thanks to Jim Lorenz for this entry.

Subsequent Events:

Authority:

Articles VI and VIII of Amendment
ccc-2point0.com/constitution-for-the-united-states

References:

U.S. ex rel McCann v. Adams, 126 F.2d 774, 775, 776 (2nd Cir., 1942).

Jury Nullification Quotations – The American Jury Power Association.htm
americanjurypower.org/home/quotes2.php

Current U.s. National Debt:

$36,167,124,467,492

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