The Supreme Court, of the federal united States hands down Calder v. Bull: The Article I, Sections 9 and 10 prohibitions against ex post fact laws applies only to criminal cases, not civil:
I cannot subscribe to the omnipotence of a [S]tate legislature, or that it is the absolute and without control, although its authority should not be express restrained by the [C]onstitution or fundamental law of the [S]tate. …
NOTE: The Court could not be more wrong in implying that without subservience to the federal courts, a State legislature is “without control.” It is WE THE PEOPLE who binds state legislatures through their election.
[restored 11/6/2021]
Subsequent Events:
Authority:
“Law of the Jungle”
ccc-2point0.com/preface
References:
Calder v. Bull, 3 Dallas (3 U.S.) 386, 387-89 (1798).
Gerald Gunther, Constitutional Law, twelfth edition, (Westbury, New York: Foundation Press, 1991), 434.
Calder v. Bull – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calder_v._Bull
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