Alexander Hamilton, a former Delegate, from New York, to the Constitutional Convention, using the penname “Publius,” publishes “Federalist #74,” emphasizing that the president has no peacetime control over the State Militias.  In paragraph one he writes, “THE President of the United States is to be ‘commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States WHEN CALLED INTO THE ACTUAL SERVICE of the United States.’ …” [emphasis in the original]

       [restored 12/13/2024]