The Battle of Ramillies (Spanish Netherlands (Belgium)): John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, commanding the Armies of the Grand Alliance, defeats the Armies of France and Spain, commanded by Francois of Neufville, Duke of Villeroy.  The French suffer about 14,000 casualties compared to only 4,300 for the allies.

       [restored 10/26/2024]

Subsequent Events:

References:

Winston Churchill, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, four volumes. (London: Cassell, 1956-58), 3:58-60.

Current U.s. National Debt:

$36,161,621,015,445

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