The War of the League of Augsburg continues at the Battle of the Boyne (Ireland): William III (a Calvinist, r. 1689 – 1702) commanding the Armies of England, Scotland and Protestant Ireland, defeats the Irish Militia and an expeditionary force of the Kingdom of France, commanded by self-exiled James II (a Catholic, r. 1685 – 1688). James had promised the Irish their independence and to rule as their king; “but to him Ireland was the pawn and England the prize.”
[restored 10/25/2024]
Subsequent Events:
References:
Winston Churchill, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, four volumes. (London: Cassell, 1956-58), 3:11.
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