The fifth circuit court of appeals hands down Knoblauch v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, declaring as frivolous the argument that the 16th amendment is unlawful because Ohio is/was not a state at the time of alleged ratification.

       [added 12/6/2022]

Subsequent Events:

11/18/1988                   8/9/1989                    11/7/1996                    2/24/2006

Authority:

“Law of the Jungle”
ccc-2point0.com/preface

References:

Knoblauch v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue (Fifth Circuit 1984), 749 F2d 200
openjurist.org/749/f2d/200/knoblauch-v-commissioner-of-internal-revenue

The Straight Dope Is U.S. income tax invalid because Ohio wasn’t legally a state when the 16th amendment was ratified?
www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1115/is-u-s-income-tax-invalid-because-ohio-wasnt-legally-a-state-when-the-16th-amendment-was-ratified

Current U.s. National Debt:

$36,166,393,613,679

Source