Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, fraudulently certifies the 15th amendment, granting the privilege of voting to freedmen, as having received the requisite ratification of three-fourths of the States.

       NOTES:

• Among the States Fish claims to have ratified the amendment were the former confederate States of Georgia, Mississippi, Texas and Virginia, which were under martial law and thus were not able to lend their free assent.
• Excluding the federal enclaves of Nevada and Ohio, and the Virginia enclave of West Virginia, there were 34 States, of which 26 were necessary for ratification;
• New York rescinded its previous ratification, yet was recorded as having ratified it;
• Missouri ratified only one of the two sections of the amendment, yet was recorded as having ratified it;
• Nine of the ten confederate State legislatures that were recorded as having ratified the amendment were under the control of federally imposed “carpetbagger/scalawag” Republican governments;
• In all only 15 of the requisite 26 States properly and voluntarily ratified the amendment.

• George P. Fletcher, Cardozo Professor of Jurisprudence at Columbia University School of Law, cites the three “Reconstruction Amendments” as the “Secret Constitution” which values equality over freedom, derives its authority from the nation instead of WE THE PEOPLE, and governed as a democracy instead of a republic.

       [added 9/12/2020]

       The Republic of Texas is readmitted into the nation.  Readmission was contingent upon ratification of the unlawfully proposed 14th amendment.

       [added 9/12/2020]