A lawfully elected Senate (in accordance with Article I, Section 3 [Clause 1]) ratifies the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie (Wyoming), establishing borders between the Arapaho, Cheyenne, Crow, Lakota, Sioux and four other indi(genous Americ)an nations. The federal government does not claim any territory under the treaty. The IA nations agree to allow unmolested transit of settlers of European descent migrating to California and Oregon, in exchange for annual payments for the next fifty years.
Postscript: The treaty was violated almost immediately by the Arapaho and the Lakota who declared war against the Crow. And eventually, by the invasion of the “Fifty-niners” during the Pike’s Peak (Colorado) Gold Rush.
[added 9/22/2026]
Subsequent Events:
Authority:
Article I, Section 8 [Clause 3]
ccc-2point0.com/constitution-for-the-united-states
References:
Paul Johnson, A History of the American People, (New York: HarperPerennial, 1997), 520.
Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) – Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Laramie_(1851)
Treaty of Fort Laramie, 1851
littlebighorn.info/Articles/lara51.htm
Current U.s. National Debt:
