Non-partisan (nationalist) President Washington—without a constitutional amendment—signs the Naturalization Act of 1790, permitting only Europeans to become sovereign State citizens, thus denying citizenship to freedmen, and indi(genous Americ)ans.

       NOTE: Article I, Section 2 [Clause 3] provides that “Representatives and Direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States … which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons … excluding Indi[genous Americ]ans not taxed.”  Thus implying citizens for indigenous Americans who submit themselves to the authority of Congress and pay taxes.

       [restored 10/10/2021]