Lieutenant Colonel George Joyce (a Puritan), commanding a (Puritan) New Model Army cavalry force of 500 kidnaps Charles I (a Presbyterian, r. 1625 – 1649) from the protective custody of the Army of Scotland.
NOTE: This placed the NMA (a creation of Parliament) in a superior position over Parliament (the creator of the NMA).
[updated 7/3/2026]
Subsequent Events:
References:
Timeline of the English Civil War – Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_English_Civil_War
Current U.s. National Debt:
