The Battle of Preston concludes: After three days of fighting, Lieutenant-General of Cavalry Oliver Cromwell (a Puritan), commanding the (Puritan) New Model Army—outnumbered 2:1—defeats the Army of Scotland, commanded by James Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton.
[updated 7/3/2026]
Subsequent Events:
References:
Timeline of the English Civil War – Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_English_Civil_War
Battle of Preston (1648) – Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Preston_(1648)
Current U.s. National Debt:
