In New York City, on the centenary of Republican (nationalist) President Lincoln’s birth, W. E. B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, Archibald Grimké and Mary Church Terrell establish the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, “To ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination.”

       [restored 6/3/2022]