War Democrat (constitutionalist) de facto President Andrew Johnson (a Citizen of the confederate State of Tennessee) “suspends” (not fires) Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War, for opposing his policies on Reconstruction. Johnson appoints Major General Ulysses Simpson (a.k.a. Hiram Ulysses) Grant, General in Chief, as interim Secretary of War.
[added 5/1/2022]
Republican (nationalist) Senator Charles Sumner, of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts—for the third time—revives his plan for Congressional (radical) Reconstruction:
It [Article IV, Section 4] is a [the Guarantee] clause which is like a sleeping giant in the Constitution, never until this recent [W]ar [of Federal Aggression] awakened, but now it comes forward with a giant’s power. There is No clause in the Constitution like it. There is No clause [sic] which gives to Congress such supreme power over the states as that clause.
NOTE: This ongoing difference of interpretation of the Guarantee Clause by the constitutionalist and nationalist parties from 1789 to 1896 illustrates the difference in their positions as “Country and Court Parties,” one of which saw the Constitution as a limitation on government power, the other saw it as an expansion of government power. Regrettably, since 1896 the philosophy of constitutionalism has faded away as its rival philosophy nationalism has come to reign triumphant.
[added 5/1/2022]
Subsequent Events:
Authority:
Article I, Section 6 [Clause 1]
ccc-2point0.com/constitution-for-the-united-states
Article II, Section 2 [Clause 1]
ccc-2point0.com/constitution-for-the-united-states
References:
Calvin D. Linton, ed., The Bicentennial Almanac: 200 Years of America, 1776-1976, (Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, 1975), 195.
William M. Weicek, The Guarantee Clause of the U.S. Constitution, (Ithaca, New York and London: Cornell University Press, 1972), 214.
Current U.s. National Debt:
