For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury:

—-  unanimous Declaration (of Independence), Paragraph, 3, Clause 17

       Republican (nationalist) President Abraham Lincoln, of the united States, writes the “Birchard Letter” to certain de facto members of the federal enclave of Ohio congressional delegation offering to release their former Democratic (constitutionalist) Representative Clemet L. Valladingham, if they would agree to support the war effort against the Confederate States:

       … The military arrests and detentions, which have been made, including those of Mr. V. which are not different in principle from the others, have been for prevention, and not for punishment—as injunctions to stay injury, as proceedings to keep the peace—and hence, like proceedings in such cases, and for like reasons, they have not been accompanied with indictments, or trials by juries, nor, in a single case by any punishment whatever, beyond what is purely incidental to the prevention.  The original sentence of imprisonment in Mr. V.’s case, was to prevent injury to the Military service only. …

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       You claim, … Mr. V. should be … turned over to the civil authorities under recent acts of congress. … We all know that combinations, armed in some instances, to resist the arrest of deserters, began several months ago; that more recently the like has appeared in resistance to the enrolment preparatory to a draft; and that quite a number of assassinations have occurred from the same animus.  These had to be met by military force, and this again has led to bloodshed and death. …[T]his hindrance, of the military, including maiming and murder, is due to the course in which Mr. V. has been engaged, in a greater degree than to any other cause. … With all this before their eyes the convention you represent have nominated Mr. V. for Governor of Ohio; and both they and you, have declared the purpose to sustain the national Union by all constitutional means. …

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       And with the further understanding that upon receiving the letter and names thus indorsed, I will cause them to be published, which publication shall be within itself, a revocation of the order in relation to Mr. V.

       [added 4/9/2022]