Sheriff James W. Campbell, of Jefferson County, Virginia hangs John Brown, former abolitionist militia commander for treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia.  On the morning of his execution Brown writes,

       I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood. I had, as I now think, vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed it might be done.

       NOTE: Before this date many nations had peacefully abolished slavery.  The only nation that abolished slavery through war was Haiti, which did so in its war of independence from the Republic of France.

       [restored 3/5/2022]