The Battle of Ayacucho: General Antonio José de Sucre, commanding the combined armies of Colombia and Peru, defeats the numerically superior Royalist army and Quechua indi(genous Americ)an tribe, under the command of Viceroy Jose de la Serna.  This victory secures independence for Bolivia.  This ends the Spanish presence on the American mainland.  The Spanish Empire which once stretched from the Columbia River in the north down to Tierra del Fuego in the south, has now been reduced to the three Caribbean islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the eastern two-thirds of Santo Domingo.

       [added 12/31/2021]