The Fifth Parliament (the “Long Parliament”) of Charles I passes the “Nineteen Propositions,” proposing that Charles relinquish some of his royal powers to Parliament.  Numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 11, 14 and 19 of which state:

• The king’s advisors must be approved by Parliament;
• Public affairs must be debated in Parliament, and not exclusively decided in private by the king;
• Education of the king’s children must be approved by Parliament;
• Royal marriages must meet with the approval of Parliament;
• Judges must be on oath to enforce the Law;
• Both Houses of Parliament (Commons and Lords) have authority: to veto royal pardons;
• New appointments to the House of Lords must be approved by both Houses of Parliament.

       Postscript: The following day Charles rejected all 19 propositions.

       [restored 9/28/2024]