The War of the Roses begins at the First Battle of St. Albans: Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, commanding the Yorkist Army, defeats the Lancastrian Army, commanded by Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset.

       NOTE: As Henry VI (r. 1422 – 1461; 1470 – 1471) was taken captive, Richard was appointed Lord Protector by a Yorkist parliament.

       [restored 9/8/2024]