Fighting between rival warlords Ismail Khan, an ethnic Tajik, and Ammanullah Khan, an ethnic Pashtun, kills six Afghan citizens in the province of Herat.

       NOTE: Outside of Kabul, “President” Hamid Karzai had no authority; and his authority inside Kabul existed only with the support of the United states Armed Forces (private mercenaries).

       [added 11/19/2023]

       George J. Tenet, Director of Central Intelligence, tells Stephen J. Hadley, Deputy National Security Adviser to Republican (fascist/socialist) de facto President George W. Bush (having received an unlawful advantage of 41 ineligible Electoral votes) that the evidence that Saddam Hussein, military dictator of Iraq, is attempting to obtain yellowcake uranium from Niger is not trustworthy, and should not be propagated.

       [added 11/19/2023] Thanks to G. Edward Griffin for this entry.