The ninth circuit court of appeals hands down Lewis v. United states: the privately owned Federal Reserve System of (central) Banks are not Federal agencies, and thus may not be sued under the Federal Tort Claims Act.  Rather the FRScBs are private corporations owned by their member commercial banks.

       NOTE: The editors are well aware the FRSBs were created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, and that the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the privately owned Federal Reserve System is appointed by the President, and confirmed by the senate; but so to is the President of the American Red Cross.  The real issue is not whether or not the FRSBs are Federal agencies or private corporations, either way their very existence is unlawful.

       [added 11/27/2022]