The Federal court for the eastern district of new york decides Frain v. Barron: school districts—government protected educational monopolies—may not punish students for refusing to pledge their allegiance to the United states flag, even when such refusal might inspire others to do likewise.  “The First Amendment protects successful dissent as well as ineffective protests.”

       [added 10/26/2022]

Subsequent Events:

4/20/1971                   7/30/1975

Authority:

new york constitution of 1895, article I, sections 3 and 8
www.dos.ny.gov/info/pdfs/Constitution January 2015 amd.pdf

References:

Frain v. Baron, 307 F. Supp. 27 (E.D.N.Y. 1969)
law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/307/27/1428426/

Current U.s. National Debt:

$36,167,124,467,492

Source