The fifth circuit court of appeals hands down Kolb v. Berlin, stating that wages and salaries are property (suggesting the income tax is a Direct tax, i.e., one which cannot be passed onto another person).  This conflicts with earlier Supreme Court decisions that declared the income tax to be an Indirect tax (one which can be passed onto another person, such as tariffs on imported goods.).

       Postscript: To date, this conflict in case law has never been resolved.

       [restored 10/12/2022]  Thanks to Jim Lorenz for this entry.

       Question: If the courts can’t decide what the statutes intend, what are obedient, government educated, enemy-subject-citizens to do? —- JL