Six years after the last marines of the navy of the United states have withdrawn to the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, President Gerardo Machado y Morales—who was constitutionally limited to only one term—wins reelection as the only candidate on the ballot.

       NOTES:

  • So ended the U.s.’ eighth attempt at nation building, bringing its total success/failure record to (successes, 0; failures, 3).
  • While nation-building is a laudable goal, Article IV, Section 4 of the Constitution for the united States says that “The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government”; it does NOT state that “The United States shall guarantee to every nation on this planet a Republican Form of Government” [emphasis added].

       [added 4/18/2025]

Subsequent Events:

Authority:

“Law of the Jungle”
ccc-2point0.com/preface

References:

Doug Bandow, “Nation-Building’s Grim Record,” Orange County (California) Register, 25 April 2003, Local:7.

PolicyBrief#24 – Policybrief24.pdf
carnegieendowment.org/files/Policybrief24.pdf

Current U.s. National Debt:

$36,217,480,035,223

Source