The first Red Scare continues: The USAT Buford (a.k.a. the “Soviet Ark”) departs New York City with 249 deportees, of which 199 had been detained as a result of the Palmer Raids.  High-profile radicals Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman are among the 50 who had been incarcerated before the raids began.  Most of the 249 had not expressed anything beyond their belief in “philosophical anarchism.”

       [added 6/20/2022]