Republican (nationalist) former Senator George S. Boutwell, of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, founds the American Anti-imperialist League for the purpose of opposing United states annexation of the Philippines.

       Postscript: Others who joined the AAIL were Democratic (constitutionalist) former President Cleveland; Samuel L. Clemens (a.k.a. Mark Twain); and Jane Addams, founder of Hull House.

       [restored 5/27/2022]