General Emilio Aguinaldo, commander of the Revolutionary Army of the Philippines, issues a call for a convention of Filipinos to draft a declaration of independence and a constitution for the Philippines; as the 1898 Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish-American War does not mention Filipino independence:

       My government cannot remain indifferent in view of such a violent and aggressive seizure of a portion of its territory by a nation which arrogated to itself the title of champion of oppressed nations.  Thus it is that my government is disposed to open hostilities if the American troops attempt to take forcible possession of the Visayan islands.  I denounce these acts before the world, in order that the conscience of mankind may pronounce its infallible verdict as to who are true oppressors of nations and the tormentors of mankind.

       [restored 5/22/2022]