The Kansas Civil War continues: In retaliation for the Sack of Lawrence, John Brown, an Ohio abolitionist, leads his four sons and two others in the murders of five pro-slavery settlers in Pottawatomie, federal enclave of Kansas.
NOTE: In the two years before this event, there had been eight murders in the federal enclave of Kansas over the issue of slavery; as a result, passions had become inflamed to the point that 29 Kansans lost their lives over the next three months.
[updated 9/26/2026]
Subsequent Events:
References:
Maury Klein, Days of Defiance: Sumter, Secession and the Coming of the Civil War, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997), 50.
Calvin D. Linton, ed. The Bicentennial Almanac: 200 Years of America, 1776-1976, (Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, 1975), 149.
Marais des Cygnes massacre – Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marais_des_Cygnes_massacre
Pottawatomie massacre – Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottawatomie_massacre
Current U.s. National Debt:
