Democratic (constitutionalist) President Jackson—without a constitutional amendment—signs the Indian Removal Act, allowing the forced removal of the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole) from their ancestral homes east of the Mississippi River to the unorganized federal enclave of Oklahoma. west of the Mississippi River.

       Postscript: Of the estimated 60,000 indi(genous Americ)ans that forced to march the “Trail of Tears” approximately 25% died en-route.

       NOTE: Although Article I, Section 8 [Clause 3] does give “Congress Power to regulate commerce with the Indian tribes, it does not sanction genocide.

       [restored 12/31/2021]