Republican (constitutionalist) former President Jefferson writing to Major John Cartwright, of the Army of the United Kingdom, explains the principal of federalism:

       With respect to our State and federal governments, I do not think their relations correctly understood by foreigners.  They generally suppose the former subordinate to the latter.  But this is not the case.  They are co-ordinate departments of one simple and integral whole.”

       [added 12/31/2021]

Subsequent Events:

References:

Thomas J. DiLorenzo, Hamilton’s Curse: How Jefferson’s arch-enemy betrayed the American Revolution—and what it means today, (New York: Crown-Forum, 2008), 15-16n13.

Current U.s. National Debt:

$36,167,124,467,492

Source