James Madison, a former Delegate, from the Commonwealth of Virginia, to the Constitutional Convention, using the penname “Publius,” publishes “Federalist #43,” explaining the purpose of the Guarantee Clause (Article IV, Section 4). In paragraph two he writes, “In a confederacy founded on republican principles, and composed of republican members, the superintending government ought clearly to possess authority: to defend the system against aristocratic or monarchial innovations.”
[restored 12/7/2024]
Subsequent Events:
Authority:
Articles of Confederation, Article XIII
ccc-2point0.com/Articles-of-Confederation
References:
William M. Weicek, The Guarantee Clause of the U.S. Constitution, (Ithaca, New York and London: Cornell University Press, 1972), 66.
Federalist No 43 – The Avalon Project
avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/fed43.asp
Federalist No. 43 – Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_No._43
Current U.s. National Debt:
