William Penn, Royal Governor of the colony of Pennsylvania, issues the Charter of Liberties, Paragraphs 2, 12, 14 and 17 of which state:

• The Governor and Provincial Council shall Erect and order all public Schools and encourage and Reward the Authors of useful Science and Laudable Inventions in the said province.
• The FREEMEN shall yearly choose those to serve in a General Assembly as their representatives.
• The Governor and the Provincial Council shall from time to time erect Standing Courts of Justice.
• Those convicted of murder shall one-third of their estates paid to the families of their victims.
• Persons convicted of property crimes shall remain incarcerated until they have compensated their victims twice over.

These in part draw upon the Biblical principal of restitution (an eye for an eye).

        [added 10/19/2024]