The Battle of Flodden Field: Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, commanding the Army of England, defeats the Army of Scotland, commanded by James IV.

       NOTE: James was the last British sovereign to die in battle.

       [restored 9/14/2024]

Subsequent Events:

References:

Winston Churchill, A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, four volumes. (London: Cassell, 1956-58), 2:36.

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